{"id":11101,"date":"2021-11-29T13:48:02","date_gmt":"2021-11-29T06:48:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arkipel.org\/?p=11101"},"modified":"2021-12-03T17:13:43","modified_gmt":"2021-12-03T10:13:43","slug":"forum-festival-2021-panel-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arkipel.org\/forum-festival-2021-panel-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Forum Festival Panel 2: The Possibilities of Algorithms"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_tabs][vc_tab title=”Bahasa Indonesia” tab_id=”1503218961-1-46″][vc_column_text title=”Kemungkinan-kemungkinan Algoritma” css=”.vc_custom_1638526352014{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n
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Panel kedua bertajuk \u201c<\/span>Democracy, Resistance and Algorithms\u201d <\/span><\/i>dari total tiga panel dalam rangkaian Forum Festival ARKIPEL <\/span>Twilight Zone – 8th Jakarta International Documentary and Experimental Film Festival<\/span><\/i> fokus membahas algoritma selaku bagian vital dalam mengatur sirkulasi pengetahuan dan informasi di dalam <\/span>new media<\/span><\/i>, dan potensinya dalam berbagai dimensi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Panel ini berlangsung pada hari Sabtu (27\/11\/2021) pukul 08.30 WIB, dengan menghadirkan tiga pembicara lintas-negara dari latar belakang yang berbeda: <\/span>Merlyna Lim<\/b>, akademisi berkebangsaan Indonesia yang kini berdomisili di Amerika; <\/span>Creston Davis<\/b>, seorang profesor dan pendiri <\/span>The Global Center for Advanced Studies <\/span><\/i>(GCAS); serta <\/span>Manshur Zikri<\/b>, kurator, penulis, dan seniman yang fokus kajiannya kerap melibatkan komunitas akar rumput; dengan <\/span>Luthfan Nur Rochman<\/b>\u2014penulis dan pembuat film asal Jakarta\u2014sebagai moderator.<\/span><\/p>\n

Presentasi dalam panel ini dibuka oleh Merlyna Lim yang memaparkan bagaimana manusia dan teknologi senantiasa berdampingan dalam perkembangan wacana sosial politik. Pada tahun 1990-an di Indonesia, teknologi internet menjadi sebuah arena kontestasi antara <\/span>state <\/span><\/i>(negara) dan aktivis. Ketika negara mengontrol penuh media arus utama dengan nilai-nilai propaganda, media alternatif menjadi praktik resistensi bagi masyarakat aktivis.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sementara ketika negara sudah tidak lagi menjadi <\/span>common enemy<\/span><\/i>, teknologi kemudian membentuk arena kontestasi lain dari sikap politik biner yang menciptakan konflik horizontal antara kubu pro-X dan kubu anti-X. Algoritma yang mengatur sirkulasi teknologi, mengontrol penuh informasi atau pengetahuan yang didapat dari kedua kubu tersebut dalam apa yang biasa disebut sebagai <\/span>\u2018bubble effect\u2019<\/span><\/i>. Masyarakat semakin terkotak-kotakkan antara satu dengan yang lain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Merlyna Lim melihat bahwa perkembangan atau kemasifan algoritma sangat bergantung dari sikap kolektivisme: mereka yang nyaring dan mereka yang paling aktif sangat berpotensi untuk mengamplifikasikan suatu isu yang sedang mereka bawa ke jejaring-jejaring atau kotak-kotak masyarakat yang lebih luas. Algoritma pun mempunyai implikasi untuk mengorganisir sebuah gerakan bila diutilisasikan secara tepat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Creston Davis sebagai pembicara kedua, berangkat mengidentifikasi adanya hegemoni sistem dari kelas penguasa yang menyebabkan ketimpangan terjadi dari dua kelas masyarakat yang berbeda. Ia merunut kembali kecenderungan ini dalam sejarah, bagaimana hegemoni elit menyebabkan terjadinya Perang Dunia I, II, hingga Perang Dingin. Rezim neoliberalisme terjadi kelas kapitalis bersekongkol dengan pemerintah dalam memenuhi kepentingan mereka masing-masing, lantas menempatkan masyarakat dunia dalam kerentanan ekonomi dan ekologis. Hegemoni ini juga mempengaruhi sistem pendidikan yang kerap menghadapi urusan finansial yang kontraproduktif dan menjebak mahasiswanya dalam kebutuhan finansial yang terus-menerus, seperti yang kita temukan dalam contoh kasus <\/span>student loan<\/span><\/i> di Amerika Serikat. Mahasiswa terhalangi untuk berpikir kritis dan melakukan perubahan, karena harus memikirkan kebutuhan dasar.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Lantas, bagaimana cara mendesain kondisi yang memungkinkan munculnya pelopor-pelopor intelektual yang tidak terikat pada kepentingan-kepentingan kelas penguasa? Inilah pertanyaan yang melandasi pendirian GCAS (Global Center for Adavanced Studies), universitas yang membangun jejaring-jejaring dengan intelektual di berbagai negara di dunia, dengan harapan menciptakan aliansi global yang mampu berpikir kritis untuk membangun perubahan. Setelah para mahasiswa lulus, kontribusi intelektual yang mereka berikan kepada GCAS dikonversi menjadi kepemilikan ekonomi terhadap universitas tersebut, sehingga GCAS tumbuh menjadi institusi yang dimiliki secara bersama oleh orang-orang yang bernaung di dalamnya.<\/span><\/p>\n

Presentasi pamungkas diisi oleh Manshur Zikri selaku pembicara. Ia memulainya dengan menyinggung berita yang belakangan ini masif diperbincangkan terkait ketakutan segelintir orang menyoal kehadiran algoritma yang cenderung ditengarai akan memusnahkan sinema sebagai produk budaya. Sebagai catatan: Martin Scorsese pernah secara sinis memandang algoritma hanya menjadikan sinema semata-mata konten. Pada perspektif lain, nyatanya teknologi algoritma dan sinema punya kedudukan yang saling mengisi.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Uprising (2013) <\/span><\/i>karya Peter Snowdon, misalnya. Filem ini berangkat diproduksi dengan memanfaatkan <\/span>footage-footage <\/span><\/i>revolusi Arab yang tersebar di Youtube. Sang sutradara, Peter Snowdon, menyeleksinya footage tersebut untuk dihadirkan kembali ke dalam realitas gambar bergerak yang baru. Filem ini pun menjadi bukti konkret bagaimana algoritma dan sinema bekerjasama sebagai sebuah preservasi bagi <\/span>footage<\/span><\/i> yang dianggap sebagai bahasa vernakular bagi kaum revolusioner.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adapun <\/span>Sunspiring <\/span><\/i>(2016) besutan dari Oscar Sharp. Naskah dalam filem pendek berdurasi tujuh menit ini menggunakan teknologi A.I <\/span>(Artificial Intelligence) <\/span><\/i>dengan mesin perangkat lunak sebagai alat untuk menciptakan naskahnya. Algoritma pun mempunyai peran sebagai alat produksi yang memengaruhi proses perkembangan estetika terhadap filem tersebut.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tawaran yang menarik dari Manshur Zikri adalah bagaimana ia melihat bahwa database atau algoritma dapat diperluas dari batas matematis menjadi kemungkinan naratif, sebab, logika <\/span>database <\/span><\/i>memungkinkan beragam kemungkinan peluang penciptaan narasi yang tidak tunggal. Mengacu pada Lev Manovich, media baru dan sinema mempunyai dimensi dan logika yang bertolak belakang. Medium berekspresi yang lazimnya digunakan pegiat kultural seperti film, atau prosa atau novel, umumnya berangkat dari logika naratif yang mempunyai dimensi sintagmatik. Sedangkan dimensi dalam logika <\/span>database<\/span><\/i> atau algoritma bersifat paradigmatik. Dalam logika <\/span>database<\/span><\/i>, kita bukan lagi sedang menyimak dalam bingkai tutur narasi, melainkan turut terlibat dalam memilih pengalaman tertentu dan mengoperasikannya.<\/span><\/p>\n

Panel ini dihadiri oleh 33 partisipan dan mengumpulkan total empat pertanyaan yang menjadi pemantik sesi diskusi bergizi soal peran disruptif teknologi algoritma dalam beberapa lini: sosial politik, institusi pendidikan, dan sinema.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Rekaman panel ini tersedia di <\/span>YouTube<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Terjemahan Bahasa Inggris oleh Innas Tsuroiya<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tab][vc_tab title=”English” tab_id=”1503218961-2-58″][vc_column_text title=”Possibilities of Algorithm” css=”.vc_custom_1638526416426{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]The second panel <\/span>“Democracy, Resistance, and Algorithms”<\/span><\/i> out of three series of panels from Forum Festival ARKIPEL <\/span>Twilight Zone \u2013 8th Jakarta International Documentary Film Festival<\/span><\/i> 2021 focuses on discussing how the algorithms, as a vital part in regulating the circulation of knowledge and information in new media, and its potentials from various dimensions.<\/span><\/p>\n

This panel took place on Saturday, 27 November 2021 at 08.30 AM (GMT+7) presenting three cross-country speakers from different backgrounds: <\/span>Merlyna Lim<\/b>, an Indonesian academic now residing in USA; <\/span>Creston Davis<\/b>, a professor and the founder of <\/span>The Global Center for Advanced Studies<\/span><\/i> (GCAS); and <\/span>Manshur Zikri<\/b>, a curator, writer, and artist whose research interests often involve grassroot communities; with <\/span>Luthfan Nur Rochman<\/b> \u2014 a writer and filmmaker from Jakarta \u2014 as moderator.<\/span><\/p>\n

The presentation in this panel began with Merlyna Lim who explained how humans and technology always exist side by side in the development of sociopolitical discourse. During the 1990s in Indonesia, internet technology became a competitive arena between the state and activists. When the state fully controls mainstream media with propagandist values, alternative media turns into a practice of resistance for activists.<\/span><\/p>\n

Meanwhile, as the state no longer becomes a common enemy, technology thus forms another competitive arena for binary political positions which creates a horizontal conflict between the proponent of X and the opponent of X. Algorithms which regulate the circulation of technology fully control the information and knowledge acquired by both sides, also known as the ‘bubble effect’. Society gets more polarized from one another.<\/span><\/p>\n

Merlyna Lim observed that the massive development of algorithms depends so much on collective behavior: those who are loud and active have much potential to amplify the issue that they currently bring up into broader networks or societal bubbles. Therefore, algorithms have the implication to organize a movement when correctly utilized.<\/span><\/p>\n

Creston Davis as the second speaker started out to identify the hegemonic system from the ruling class which causes inequality to happen between two different classes of society. He recounted this tendency throughout history, how the elite hegemony caused the World War I, II, to the Cold War. The neoliberal regime happened when the capitalists joined together with the state for each of their interests, putting the rest of the world in economic and ecologic precarity. This hegemony also influenced the education system which often faces counterproductive financial matters and traps its students in a continuous need of finance, which we can see in the case of student loan in the United States. Students are discouraged to think critically and make a change because they have to think about their basic needs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Thus, how do we design a condition that enables the emergence of intellectual vanguards de-linked from the interests of the ruling class? This is question became the foundation of GCAS (Global Center for Advanced Studies), a university that builds networks with intellectuals around the world, in the hope to create a global alliance that can think critically to make a change. After the students graduate, their intellectual contribution to GCAS will be converted into economic ownership of the university, so that GCAS grows as an institution co-owned by the people that harbored in it.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The final presentation came from speaker Manshur Zikri. He began with mentioning the news that has been massively discussed lately regarding the fear of some people about algorithms being suspected to destroy cinema as a cultural product. Side note, Martin Scorsese once skeptically viewed algorithms as only turning cinema into content. Another perspective offers that algorithmic technology and cinema are in a complementary position.<\/span><\/p>\n

Take <\/span>The Uprising<\/span><\/i> (2013) by Peter Snowdon for example. This film was initially produced using footage of the Arab Spring that is widely spread on YouTube. The director Peter Snowdon selected the footage to be re-presented into a new reality of moving image. This film becomes a concrete proof of how algorithms and cinema work together to preserve the footage that’s perceived as vernacular by the revolutionary group.<\/span><\/p>\n

There is <\/span>Sunspiring<\/span><\/i> (2016) by Oscar Sharp. The script of the seven-minute long film is written using A.I. (Artificial Intelligence) software. Algorithms thus play a role as a production tool which impacts the aesthetic development of the film.<\/span><\/p>\n

An interesting point from Manshur Zikri is how he views the way databases or algorithms can be expanded from its mathematical boundary to a narrative possibility, because the database logic allows for multiple possibilities for creating multiple narratives. According to Lev Manovich, new media and cinema possess opposite dimensions and logic. A medium for expression commonly used by cultural workers, such as film, prose, or novel, starts from a narrative logic which has a syntagmatic dimension. While the database logic or algorithm has a paradigmatic dimension. In database logic, we are no longer following through within a narrative flow, but involved in choosing certain experiences and operating them.<\/span><\/p>\n

This panel was attended by 33 participants and collected a total of four questions which sparked a lively discussion about the disruptive role of algorithmic technology in several industries: sociopolitics, educational institutions, and cinema.<\/span><\/p>\n

The recording of this panel is available on <\/span>YouTube<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

English translation by Innas Tsuroiya<\/span><\/i>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tab][\/vc_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_gallery interval=”3″ images=”11110,11111,11113,11112″ img_size=”large”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In Panel 2 of our Forum Festival, Merlyna Lim, Creston Davis, and Manshur Zikri discussed how the algorithms, as a vital part in regulating the circulation of knowledge and information in new media, and its potentials from various dimensions. <\/p>\n

Dalam Panel 2 Forum Festival, Merlyna Lim, Creston Davis, dan Manshur Zikri membahas bagaimana algoritma selaku bagian vital dalam mengatur sirkulasi pengetahuan dan informasi di dalam new media, dan potensinya dalam berbagai dimensi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":158,"featured_media":11112,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"[FESTIVAL STORIES] In Panel 2 of our Forum Festival, Merlyna Lim, Creston Davis, and Manshur Zikri discussed algorithms and its potentials. 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